1.4 Land use patterns

1.2 Wholesalers

Wholesalers supply goods to retailers. The public cannot buy directly from the wholesalers. They only supply stock to the smaller shops. Wholesalers usually have larger businesses with ample storage space. The products are stored on ordinary shelves, with very little attention to advertising, display and decoration.

• F lats and lower status housing zone

This zone is usually distinguished by blocks of flats or smaller houses on small plots. Think of Hillbrow in Johannesburg, for example. The buildings might sometimes appear old and dilapidated, giving the area a lower status. In earlier days these neighbourhoods usually enjoyed a higher status. With the development of other neighbourhoods with

newer houses, many residents moved out. Now the original flats or houses are inhabited by people with a lower income. This is the reason why the zone is called a transition area.

1.4 Medium-status housing zone

Residents living in this zone usually fall in the middle-income group. This means that they earn more than those who make use of lower-status housing. However, these people still prefer to live near the workplace.

1.5 High-status housing zone

This zone is usually found on the fringe of the city. It consists of big houses on large plots. Sometimes the plots are big enough so that the owners can keep horses and other animals. The residents fall in the high-income bracket. They find it more important to live in attractive, peaceful surroundings than close to work. Time spent on travelling is of no consequence.

1.6 Large industries

Large industries are also found outside the city boundaries. Mostly this is because industries need larger premises, and they are not located near residential areas due to factors such as possible noise and air pollution. Land is also cheaper on the outskirts of the city, while also offering more land for future expansion.

1.7 Rural-urban seam

The rural-urban seam is a zone where urban land use is slowly encroaching on the area. Initially it forms the border between urban and rural areas. Although rural activities such as dairy farming may still occur, these tend to decrease, making way for other types of land use.

Assessment

Learning Outcomes (LOs)

LO 1

Geographical Enquiry

The learner will be able to use enquiry skills to investigate geographical and environmental concepts and processes.

Assessment Standards(ASs)

This is seen when the learner:

1.2 interprets information from maps and atlases and from graphic and statististical

1.5 identifies and records information in the specific field [working with sources];

1.7 in various ways reports knowledge obtained during the study by formulating an argument based on information found; uses maps, diagrams and graphics; uses, where possible, computers in the presentation [putting the answer across].

LO 2

GEOGRAPHICAL KNOWLEDGE AND

UNDERSTANDING

The learner will be able to demonstrate

geographical and environmental

knowledge and understanding.

This is clear when the learner:

2.1 identifies and compares various kinds of settlement patterns [people and places];

2.2 identifies factors that influence the formation of settlement patterns (natural, economic, social/ political) [people and resources];

2.3 identifies crucial factors leading to changes in settlement patterns in South Africa, Africa and elsewhere [people and environment].

Memorandum

ACTIVITY 1:

• Urban areas expand as a result of economic and other developments taking place in the vicinity. This in turn creates jobs and other opportunities, causing people flock to these areas. As opposed to this, other areas stagnate or even deteriorate when there is a decline of the economy and services are terminated. In this instance people have no choice but to leave the area.

A process where the population leave a particular area to settle permanently in another areas. Hence the number of inhabitants decreases. This process has a snow-ball effect, as it becomes almost irreversible once it has started.

People struggle to sell their properties. As properties do not fetch what they are worth, people often lose a lot of money in an effort to sell. It might take so long to find a buyer that properties are eventually “given away” at ridiculously low prices.

Definitely !

Each urban area is designed to accommodate a certain number of inhabitants. Although these areas do expand, but growth goes hand in hand with thorough planning. As urban areas do not always make provision for the depopulation of rural areas, the rise in numbers places an unnecessary burden on infrastructure and urban services such as the provision of electricity, water, sewage, refuse removal and public transport.