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Onderskei tussen rasionale en irrasionale getalle  (Page 3/3)

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3. Kan jy die volgende doen?

3.1 8 - 4 3 7 size 12{ { { size 8{3} } over { size 8{7} } } } {}

3.2 3 1 9 size 12{ { { size 8{1} } over { size 8{9} } } } {} - 1 1 2 size 12{ { { size 8{1} } over { size 8{2} } } } {}

  • Belangrik : Voordat jy breuke kan optel of van mekaar aftrek, moet die noemers dieselfde wees.
  • bv. 2 4 7 size 12{ { { size 8{4} } over { size 8{7} } } } {} - 1 6 7 size 12{ { { size 8{6} } over { size 8{7} } } } {}
  • 2 – 1 = 1 en
  • 4 7 size 12{ { { size 8{4} } over { size 8{7} } } } {} - 6 7 size 12{ { { size 8{6} } over { size 8{7} } } } {} ( 4 – 6 --- dit kan nie. Gaan vat een hele : 1 = 7 7 size 12{ { { size 8{7} } over { size 8{7} } } } {} )
  • ( 4 + 7 = 11 --- ja, 11 – 6 = 5)Antwoord: 5 7 size 12{ { { size 8{5} } over { size 8{7} } } } {}
  • Jy kan ook alle gemengde getalle herlei na onegte breuke en dan die noemers dieselfde maak.
  • bv. 18 7 − 13 7 = 5 7 size 12{ { { size 8{"18"} } over { size 8{7} } } - { { size 8{"13"} } over { size 8{7} } } = { { size 8{5} } over { size 8{7} } } } {} (18 – 13 = 5: Die noemers is dieselfde. Trek die tellers van mekaar af.)

4. Doen nou die volgende:

4.1 4 1 7 size 12{ { { size 8{1} } over { size 8{7} } } } {} + 4 16 42 size 12{ { { size 8{"16"} } over { size 8{"42"} } } } {}

4.2 36 － 15 6 11 size 12{ { { size 8{6} } over { size 8{"11"} } } } {}

4.3 1 8 + 0, 625 − 3 8 size 12{ { { size 8{1} } over { size 8{8} } } +0,"625" - { { size 8{3} } over { size 8{8} } } } {}

4.4 4 5 10 + 7 1 2 + 6 3 4 size 12{4 { { size 8{5} } over { size 8{"10"} } } +7 { { size 8{1} } over { size 8{2} } } +6 { { size 8{3} } over { size 8{4} } } } {}

4.5 7 1 3 size 12{ { { size 8{1} } over { size 8{3} } } } {} - 4 7 8 size 12{ { { size 8{7} } over { size 8{8} } } } {}

4.6 7 a - a 4 size 12{ { { size 8{a} } over { size 8{4} } } } {} a / 4

4.7 9 a + 6 ab − 3 b size 12{ { { size 8{9} } over { size 8{a} } } + left ( { { size 8{6} } over { size 8{ ital "ab"} } } - { { size 8{3} } over { size 8{b} } } right )} {}

4.8 - 6 + 2 6 7 size 12{ { { size 8{6} } over { size 8{7} } } } {}

4.9 5 - (4 4 9 size 12{ { { size 8{4} } over { size 8{9} } } } {} + 2 2 3 size 12{ { { size 8{2} } over { size 8{3} } } } {} )

4.10 3 1 3 size 12{ { { size 8{1} } over { size 8{3} } } } {} a - 2 1 2 size 12{ { { size 8{1} } over { size 8{2} } } } {} a

AKTIWITEIT 5

Vermenigvuldiging en deling van rasionale getalle (breuke)

LU 1.2.6 LU 1.6.2
  • Jy het dit in graad 7 gedoen – kom ons verfris net die geheue.

1. Vermenigvuldiging:

  • Belangrik : Alle gemengde getalle moet as breuke geskryf word.Dan kan jy oorkruis kanselleer.
  • Probeer nou die volgende:
  • 1 1 4 size 12{ { { size 8{1} } over { size 8{4} } } } {} × 2 1 2 size 12{ { { size 8{1} } over { size 8{2} } } } {} × 4

2. Deling:

  • Die resiprook speel ‘n groot rol by deling van breuke.
  • Maak gebruik van ‘n voorbeeld om die term te verduidelik.

bv. 1 3 ÷ 2 3 size 12{ { { size 8{1} } over { size 8{3} } } div { { size 8{2} } over { size 8{3} } } } {}

  • Albei getalle is breuke
  • Maak ÷ ‘n × - teken en kry resiprook van die deler (breuk ná die ÷-teken).
  • Kanselleer net soos by vermenigvuldiging.

3. Doen nou die volgende:

3.1 8 ÷ 8 11 size 12{ { { size 8{8} } over { size 8{"11"} } } } {}

3.2 18 ÷ 7 8 size 12{ { { size 8{7} } over { size 8{8} } } } {}

3.3 5 6 ÷ 5 2 size 12{ { { size 8{5} } over { size 8{6} } } div { { size 8{5} } over { size 8{2} } } } {}

3.4 -2 2 3 size 12{ { { size 8{2} } over { size 8{3} } } } {} ÷ -1 7 9 size 12{ { { size 8{7} } over { size 8{9} } } } {}

3.5 6 3 4 size 12{ { { size 8{3} } over { size 8{4} } } } {} mn ÷ -6 m 3

3.6 − 4 xy 3 ab ÷ − 2x 3a size 12{ { { size 8{ - 4 ital "xy"} } over { size 8{3 ital "ab"} } } div { { size 8{ - 2x} } over { size 8{3a} } } } {} -

Assessering

Leeruitkomstes(LUs)
LU 1
Getalle, Verwerkings en Verwantskappe Die leerder is in staat om getalle en die verwantskappe daarvan te herken, te beskryf en voor te stel, en om tydens probleemoplossing bevoeg en met selfvertroue te tel, te skat, te bereken en te kontroleer.
Assesseringstandaarde(ASe)
Dit word bewys as die leerder:
1.2 die volgende getalle kan herken, klassifiseer en voorstel om hulle te beskryf en te vergelyk:
1.2.2 desimale, breuke en persentasies;
1.2.5 optel- en vermenigvuldiginginverses;
1.2.6 veelvoude en faktore;
1.2.7 irrasionele getalle in die konteks van meting (bv. vierkants- en derdemagwortels van nie perfekte vierkante en derdemagte?);
1.3 ekwivalente vorms van die bogenoemde rasionale getalle herken en kan gebruik;
1.6 skat en bereken deur stappe te kies wat geskik is om probleme op te los wat die volgende behels:
1.6.1 afronding;
1.6.2 veelvoudige stappe met rasionele getalle (insluitend deling met breuke en desimale);
1.7 ‘n reeks tegnieke gebruik om berekeninge te doen, insluitend:
1.7.1 die gebruik van kommutatiewe, assosiatiewe en distributiewe eienskappe met rasionale nommers;
1.7.2 die gebruik van ‘n sakrekenaar;
1.9 die volgende herken en gebruik:
1.9.1 algoritmes vir die vind van ekwivalente breuke;
1.9.2 die kommutatiewe, assosiatiewe en distributiewe eienskappe met rasionale getalle (die ver­wagting is dat leerders hierdie eienskappe sal kan gebruik sonder om noodwendig die name van die eienskappe te ken).

Memorandum

AKTIWITEIT 1

1. Natuurlike getalle

Telgetalle

Heelgetalle

Rieële getalle

2. a b size 12{ { {a} over {b} } } {} ; b ≠ 0

2 size 12{ sqrt {2} } {}
  • Q
  • Q 1

4.

  • 1 + 4 size 12{ sqrt {4} } {} ; -4
  • − 2 3 size 12{ { { - 2} over {3} } } {} ; 12 1 5 size 12{ { {1} over {5} } } {}
  • 9 + 4 size 12{ sqrt {9+4} } {} ; 1 + 2 2 size 12{ { {1+ sqrt {2} } over { sqrt {2} } } } {}

6. Gelyk in waarde

7. 4 14 size 12{ { {4} over {"14"} } } {} = 6 24 size 12{ { {6} over {"24"} } } {} ens.

  • Egte breuk
  • Onegte breuk
  • Gemengde getal
  • Desimale getal
  • Repeterende desimale getal
  • Persentasie

AKTIWITEIT 2

1. 2,15

  • 0,625
  • 3,25
  • 5,75
  • 2,875
  • 6, 000 7 size 12{ { {6,"000"} over {7} } } {} = 0,8571 . . . ≈ 0,86
  • 7, 000 9 size 12{ { {7,"000"} over {9} } } {} = 0,777 . . . =
    of 0,8
  • 6 8 1000 size 12{ { {8} over {"1000"} } } {} = 6 1 125 size 12{ { {1} over {"125"} } } {}
  • 4 65 100 size 12{ { {"65"} over {"100"} } } {} = 4 13 20 size 12{ { {"13"} over {"20"} } } {}
  • 375 1000 size 12{ { {"375"} over {"1000"} } } {} = 3 8 size 12{ { {3} over {8} } } {}
  • 7 75 1000 size 12{ { {"75"} over {"1000"} } } {} = 7 3 40 size 12{ { {3} over {"40"} } } {}
  • 13 65 100 size 12{ { {"65"} over {"100"} } } {} = 13 13 20 size 12{ { {"13"} over {"20"} } } {}
  • 125 1000 size 12{ { {"125"} over {"1000"} } } {} = 1 8 size 12{ { {1} over {8} } } {}

7.1 3 9 size 12{ { {3} over {9} } } {} = 1 3 size 12{ { {1} over {3} } } {}

7.2 45 99 size 12{ { {"45"} over {"99"} } } {} = 5 11 size 12{ { {5} over {"11"} } } {}

7.3 23 990 size 12{ { {"23"} over {"990"} } } {}

7.4 3 900 size 12{ { {3} over {"900"} } } {} = 1 300 size 12{ { {1} over {"300"} } } {}

9. 0, 4 size 12{ {4} cSup { size 8{ cdot } } } {} 5 size 12{ {5} cSup { size 8{ cdot } } } {} = x

x = 0,4545 . . . 

100 x = 45,4545 . . .

  • –  99 x = 45

x = 45 99 size 12{ { {"45"} over {"99"} } } {} = 5 11 size 12{ { {5} over {"11"} } } {}

AKTIWITEIT 3

2.1 17 x5 20 x5 size 12{ { {"17"x5} over {"20"x5} } } {} = 85%

2.2 19 40 size 12{ { {"19"} over {"40"} } } {} × 100 1 size 12{ { {"100"%} over {1} } } {} = 47,5%

2.3 38 x2 50 x2 size 12{ { {"38"x2} over {"50"x2} } } {} = 76%

2.4 45 60 size 12{ { {"45"} over {"60"} } } {} × 100 1 size 12{ { {"100"%} over {1} } } {} = 75%

3.1 55 100 size 12{ { {"55"} over {"100"} } } {} = 11 20 size 12{ { {"11"} over {"20"} } } {}

3.2 15 , 5 100 size 12{ { {"15",5} over {"100"} } } {} = 0,155 = 155 1000 size 12{ { {"155"} over {"1000"} } } {} = 31 200 size 12{ { {"31"} over {"200"} } } {}

3.3 33 200 size 12{ { {"33"} over {"200"} } } {}

3.4 2 0 30 { 0 size 12{ { {2 { {0}}} over {"30 {"{0}}} } } {} = 2 30 size 12{ { {2} over {"30"} } } {}

4.a) 33 800 size 12{ { {"33"} over {"800"} } } {} × 25500 1 size 12{ { {"25500"} over {1} } } {} size 12{ approx } {} 1 052

b) 3 5 size 12{ { {3} over {5} } } {} × 25500 1 size 12{ { {"25500"} over {1} } } {} = 15 300

c) 85 1000 size 12{ { {"85"} over {"1000"} } } {} × 25500 1 size 12{ { {"25500"} over {1} } } {} = 2 167,5 size 12{ approx } {} 2 168

  • (14,5) 15300 1052 size 12{ { {"15300"} over {"1052"} } } {} = 7650 526 size 12{ { {"7650"} over {"526"} } } {} = 3825 263 size 12{ { {"3825"} over {"263"} } } {}
  • 25 500 – 18 520 = 6 980

4.4

4.5 3 5 size 12{ { {3} over {5} } } {} x 2 1 size 12{ { {2} over {1} } } {} = 6 5 size 12{ { {6} over {5} } } {} = 1 1 5 size 12{1 { {1} over {5} } } {}

AKTIWITEIT 5

1. 5 1 4 size 12{ { {5} over { {} rSub { size 8{1} } { {4}}} } } {} × 5 2 size 12{ { {5} over {2} } } {} x 4 1 1 size 12{ { { { {4}} rSup { size 8{1} } } over {1} } } {} = 25 2 size 12{ { {"25"} over {2} } } {} = 12 1 2 size 12{"12" { {1} over {2} } } {}

3.1 8 1 size 12{ { {8} over {1} } } {} ÷ 8 11 size 12{ { {8} over {"11"} } } {} = 8 1 1 size 12{ { { { {8}} rSup { size 8{1} } } over {1} } } {} × 11 8 1 size 12{ { {"11"} over { { {8}} rSub { size 8{1} } } } } {} = 11

3.2 18 1 size 12{ { {"18"} over {1} } } {} × 8 7 size 12{ { {8} over {7} } } {} = 144 7 size 12{ { {"144"} over {7} } } {} = 20 4 7 size 12{"20" { {4} over {7} } } {}

3.3 5 1 6 3 size 12{ { { { {5}} rSup { size 8{1} } } over { { {6}} rSub { size 8{3} } } } } {} × 2 1 5 1 size 12{ { { { {2}} rSup { size 8{1} } } over { { {5}} rSub { size 8{1} } } } } {} = 1 3 size 12{ { {1} over {3} } } {}

3.4 − 8 1 3 1 size 12{ { { - { {8}} rSup { size 8{1} } } over { { {3}}"" lSub { size 8{1} } } } } {} × − 9 3 1 6 2 size 12{ { { - { {9}} rSup { size 8{3} } } over { { {1}} { {6}} rSub { size 8{2} } } } } {} = 3 2 size 12{ { {3} over {2} } } {} = 1 1 2 size 12{1 { {1} over {2} } } {}

3.5 2 7 9 mn 4 size 12{ { { { {2}} { {7}} rSup { size 8{9} } ital "mn"} over {4} } } {} × 1 − 6 2 m 3 size 12{ { {1} over { - { {6}}"" lSub { size 8{2} } m rSup { size 8{3} } } } } {} = − 9n 8m 2 size 12{ { { - 9n} over {8m rSup { size 8{2} } } } } {}

3.6 − 4 2 xy 3 1 a b size 12{ { { - { {4}} rSup { size 8{2} } ital "xy"} over { { {3}}"" lSub { size 8{1} } { {a}}b} } } {} × 3 a − 2 x size 12{ { { { {3}} { {a}}} over { - { {2}} { {x}}} } } {} = 2y b size 12{ { {2y} over {b} } } {}

Questions & Answers

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Source:  OpenStax, Wiskunde graad 8. OpenStax CNX. Sep 11, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11033/1.1
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