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Oorstromings/vloede

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Lyke van mense en diere het oral rondgelê en ‘n gesondheidsrisiko het ontstaan. Water is ook hierdeur besoedel en nog ‘n gesondheidsgevaar het sy kop uitgesteek – cholera.

‘n Soortgelyke situasie het voorgekom tydens die vloed by Laingsburg op 25 Januarie 1981.

Aktiwiteit 2:

Om ‘n lys op te stel van hoe oorstromings mense raak

[lu 2.1]

  • Gaan lees koerantberigte oor hierdie en ander oorstromings wat in die afgelope tyd voorgekom het. Maak jou eie volledige lys van die GEVOLGE wat oorstromings op mense se lewens en hul sosio-ekonomiese aktiwiteite het

1.3 Hoekom sommige mense ‘n hoër risiko as ander is

Baie dele in die ontwikkelende lande van die wêreld se natuurlike omgewings is oorbenut en misbruik. Omdat arm mense net vir eie gebruik produseer en geen bemesting toepas nie, verarm die grond. Verkeerde besproeiingsmetodes vererger die situasie en die ryker bogrond word maklik deur vinnig vloeiende water weggevoer. Oeste verskraal en hongersnood staar die mense in die gesig. Geen wisselweiding word ook toegepas nie en die vee vertrap die natuurlike plantegroei .Vir hierdie mense lê hul rykdom in die hoeveelheid vee wat hul besit en nie in die kwaliteit van die vee nie. Daar is dus te veel vee op ‘n gegewe stukkie grond en die landskap word vernietig. Indien daar nou ‘n oorstroming sou plaasvind, is daar geen natuurlike plantegroei om die water te stuit nie en alles word weggespoel.

Wanneer voortbestaan op die platteland moeilik word, begin die mense na die stede migreer om werk te soek. Aangesien hulle arm is, gaan woon hulle in plakkerskampe. Hierdie plakkerskampe of informele nedersettings word gewoonlik aangetref op minder geskikte en selfs gevaarlike terrein. Sodra swaar reën val, is hierdie mense se huise, besittings en lewens in groot gevaar. Dink hier maar net aan die nat Kaapse Vlakte met sy derduisende woonhuise.

Aktiwiteit 3:

Om die invloed van oorstromings op woongebiede te bestudeer

[lu 2.1]

  • Hoe dink jy sal oorstromings veral plakkerskampe beïnvloed?

1.4 Voorkomende maatreëls: die bestuur van potensiële gevaar en gevaarvermindering

Wat kan omtrent oorstromings gedoen word?

Meestal is die antwoord op hierdie vraag: baie min. Mense kan egter voorsorg tref om te probeer om die risiko van oorstromings in die toekoms te verminder. Hier volg n paar moontlikhede:

  • Installeer vloedwaarskuwingstelsels by belangrike riviere waar groot bevolkingsgetalle betrokke is.
  • Bou dyke, vloedwalle en keerdamme om te help om die vloei van water te beheer.
  • Verander die vloeikanale van riviere – lei byvoorbeeld die riviere van bewoonde areas af weg.
  • Pas streng regulasies toe in verband met bougebiede, boukodes en bouvereistes.
  • Voed mense op om die natuurlike omgewing versigtig en verstandig te gebruik. Gee veral aandag aan opleiding met betrekking tot boerderytegnieke wat natuurvriendelik is.
  • Stabiliseer rivierwalle.
  • Beheer en verbeter slote wat ernstige tekens van erosie toon.
  • Doen aanplantings op kaal gebiede.
  • Monitor weervoorspellings deeglik en tref die nodige voorsorgmaatreëls waar moontlik.

Baie van die bogenoemde voorsorgmaatreëls kos baie geld om toe te pas en is nie altyd uitvoerbaar nie. Ontwikkelende lande het nie die geld hiervoor nie en oplossings is dikwels onwaarskynlik. Dus bly die invloed van oorstromings daar ‘n wesentlike probleem.

Aktiwiteit 4:

Om oplossings te soek wat oorstromings voorkom

[lu 2.3]

  • Kan jy aan enige ander moontlike oplossings dink hoe oorstromings voorkom kan word?

Assessering

Leeruitkomstes(LUs)
LU 2
AARDRYKSKUNDIGE KENNIS EN BEGRIPDie leerder is in staat om aardrykskundige en omgewingskennis en -begrip te toon.
Assesseringstandaarde(ASe)
Dit is duidelik wanneer die leerder:
2.1 beskryf en verduidelik hoe natuurgevare soos vulkane, aardbewings en oorstromings plaasvind, en die uitwerking daarvan op menselewens en op sosio-ekonomiese bedrywighede [mense en plekke];2.2 ondersoek en verduidelik waarom sommige mense meer as ander aan natuurgevare blootgestel is [mense en hulpbronne];2.3 identifiseer hoe risiko’s en natuurgevare hanteer kan word [mense en omgewing].

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Source:  OpenStax, Aardrykskunde graad 7. OpenStax CNX. Sep 09, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11020/1.1
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