<< Chapter < Page Chapter >> Page >

Natuurwetenskappe

Graad 9

Die aarde, sterrestelsels en ruimteprogramme

Module 17

Ruimteprogramme

  • Die ruimte-era het op 4 Oktober 1957 vir die mens begin toe Sputnik I deur die voormalige Sowjet-Unie gelanseer is.
  • Dit het bestaan uit ’n eenvoudige metaalbal wat slegs 84 kg geweeg het en ’n radiosender en ’n termometer bevat het.
  • Vandag is daar amper elke week die een of ander lansering.
  • Konstantin Tsoilkovsky (1857-1935) was ’n wiskunde-onderwyser wat lank gelede al die moontlikhede van vuurpyle, ruimtestasies en satelliete gesien het.
  • Die Amerikaners het egter met hul Apollo-sendings dit moontlik gemaak om die eerste persoon op die maan te laat loop. Dit het op 20 Julie 1969 moontlik geword met die Apollo 11-sending. Almal ken die woorde van Neil Armstrong: “One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.”
  • Ontledings, metings en rotsfragmente het meer lig gewerp op ons kennis van ons eie maan.
  • Die “Near Shoemaker”-sending het dit vir die Amerikaners moontlik gemaak om suksesvol met ’n tuig op EROS (’n goot komeetfragment) te land (baie soos die dramatiese voorstelling in die rolprent “Deep Impact”).
  • Die Amerikaners se pendeltuie het ’n nuwe era van tegnologie ten opsigte van rekenaar­programme, spesiale metale en materiale, satellietlanserings en vele ander ontsluit.
  • Groot rampe het hulle egter ook al afgespeel in die strewe na die bemeestering van ruimte. So het twee Amerikaanse pendeltuie al tot op hede ontplof – eers Challenger in Januarie 1986 (tydens lansering) en onlangs Columbia op 1 Februarie 2003. Columbia was die oudste van die tuie en was op sy 28ste vlug. Dit was die Amerikaners se 113de vlug en die eerste tragedie tydens ’n landingsprosedure.
  • Ons eie Suid-Afrikaanse internetmagnaat, Mark Shuttleworth , het op 25 April 2002 groot nuus gemaak deur die eerste Afrikaan in die ruimte te wees.
  • Duisende Suid-Afrikaners en leerders het daagliks sy webruimte gelees en die artikels en nuus vanuit die ruimte verslind.
  • Sy missie was om sekere eksperimente op die internasionale ruimtestasie (IRS) uit te voer en terselfdertyd waardevolle ervaring op te doen.
  • Hier volg ’n kort uiteensetting van die sending:

Man uit afrika in ruimte

  • OP 25 April word die Sojoes TM 34-vuurpyl van die Russiese ruimtesentrum by Baikonoer in Kazachstan gelanseer. Aan boord is Mark, Joeri Gidzenko en die Italianer Roberto Vittori.
  • Kort na lansering gooi die vuurpyl sy brokstukke af en na ’n sukesvolle reis bereik die tuig twee dae later die Internasionale Ruimtestasie (IRS).
  • Mark en sy reisgenote bring agt dae aan boord van die IRS deur en word saam deur duisende in die Suid-Afrikaanse hemelruim dopgehou.
  • Mark voer verskeie belangrike navorsingeksperimente namens vooraanstande wetenskaplikes uit en win so belangrike navorsingsresultate en inligting in.
  • Die span verlaat die IRS op 5 Mei 2002 en keer met ’n TM 33-Sojoes terug.
  • Mark en sy makkers land veilig met die landingstuig wat met ’n valskermaksie aarde toe rem nadat dit deur die atmosfeer gebreek het.

Aktiwiteit 1:

Om ‘n mini-opstel oor mark shuttleworth se ruimte-avontuur te skryf

Besoek www.africaninspace.com en skryf ’n mini opstel oor die waarde van Mark se eksperimente waarby hy in die ruimte betrokke was vir die mensdom.

Questions & Answers

what does preconceived mean
sammie Reply
physiological Psychology
Nwosu Reply
How can I develope my cognitive domain
Amanyire Reply
why is communication effective
Dakolo Reply
Communication is effective because it allows individuals to share ideas, thoughts, and information with others.
effective communication can lead to improved outcomes in various settings, including personal relationships, business environments, and educational settings. By communicating effectively, individuals can negotiate effectively, solve problems collaboratively, and work towards common goals.
it starts up serve and return practice/assessments.it helps find voice talking therapy also assessments through relaxed conversation.
miss
Every time someone flushes a toilet in the apartment building, the person begins to jumb back automatically after hearing the flush, before the water temperature changes. Identify the types of learning, if it is classical conditioning identify the NS, UCS, CS and CR. If it is operant conditioning, identify the type of consequence positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement or punishment
Wekolamo Reply
please i need answer
Wekolamo
because it helps many people around the world to understand how to interact with other people and understand them well, for example at work (job).
Manix Reply
Agreed 👍 There are many parts of our brains and behaviors, we really need to get to know. Blessings for everyone and happy Sunday!
ARC
A child is a member of community not society elucidate ?
JESSY Reply
Isn't practices worldwide, be it psychology, be it science. isn't much just a false belief of control over something the mind cannot truly comprehend?
Simon Reply
compare and contrast skinner's perspective on personality development on freud
namakula Reply
Skinner skipped the whole unconscious phenomenon and rather emphasized on classical conditioning
war
explain how nature and nurture affect the development and later the productivity of an individual.
Amesalu Reply
nature is an hereditary factor while nurture is an environmental factor which constitute an individual personality. so if an individual's parent has a deviant behavior and was also brought up in an deviant environment, observation of the behavior and the inborn trait we make the individual deviant.
Samuel
I am taking this course because I am hoping that I could somehow learn more about my chosen field of interest and due to the fact that being a PsyD really ignites my passion as an individual the more I hope to learn about developing and literally explore the complexity of my critical thinking skills
Zyryn Reply
good👍
Jonathan
and having a good philosophy of the world is like a sandwich and a peanut butter 👍
Jonathan
generally amnesi how long yrs memory loss
Kelu Reply
interpersonal relationships
Abdulfatai Reply
What would be the best educational aid(s) for gifted kids/savants?
Heidi Reply
treat them normal, if they want help then give them. that will make everyone happy
Saurabh
What are the treatment for autism?
Magret Reply
hello. autism is a umbrella term. autistic kids have different disorder overlapping. for example. a kid may show symptoms of ADHD and also learning disabilities. before treatment please make sure the kid doesn't have physical disabilities like hearing..vision..speech problem. sometimes these
Jharna
continue.. sometimes due to these physical problems..the diagnosis may be misdiagnosed. treatment for autism. well it depends on the severity. since autistic kids have problems in communicating and adopting to the environment.. it's best to expose the child in situations where the child
Jharna
child interact with other kids under doc supervision. play therapy. speech therapy. Engaging in different activities that activate most parts of the brain.. like drawing..painting. matching color board game. string and beads game. the more you interact with the child the more effective
Jharna
results you'll get.. please consult a therapist to know what suits best on your child. and last as a parent. I know sometimes it's overwhelming to guide a special kid. but trust the process and be strong and patient as a parent.
Jharna
Got questions? Join the online conversation and get instant answers!
Jobilize.com Reply

Get Jobilize Job Search Mobile App in your pocket Now!

Get it on Google Play Download on the App Store Now




Source:  OpenStax, Natuurwetenskappe graad 9. OpenStax CNX. Sep 15, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11068/1.1
Google Play and the Google Play logo are trademarks of Google Inc.

Notification Switch

Would you like to follow the 'Natuurwetenskappe graad 9' conversation and receive update notifications?

Ask