<< Chapter < Page Chapter >> Page >

Natuurwetenskappe

Graad 9

Plante: van bou tot genetika

Module 25

Die mikroskoop

Plante, net soos alle ander lewende organismes, bestaan uit basiese eenhede of selle.

Die bou van selle kan mikroskopies ondersoek word. Om dit te kan doen, moet jy eers weet hoe ‘n mikroskoop werk. Dit sal verdere studiemoontlikhede ontsluit.

Aktiwiteit 1:

Om die werking van 'n mikroskoop te kan verduidelik

[lu 1.2; 1.3]

Jou onderwyser sal die bou van die mikroskoop met al sy dele met jou deurgaan, asook die hantering en alle reëls wat geld met die gebruik van sulke duur apparaat.

Aktiwiteit 2:

Om die verskillende dele van 'n mikroskoop te identifiseer

[lu 2.1; 2.2; 2.4]

Opdrag 1:

  1. Voltooi die byskrifte in die skets.
  2. Skryf die funksies van die dele in die tabel hieronder in:
Mikroskoopdeel Funksie
1. Oogstuk/ okulêr
2. Buis
3. Arm
4. Growwe stelskroef
5. Fyn stelskroef
6. Roterende neusstuk
7. Objektiewe/ lense
8. Klampe
9. Platform
10. Diafragma
11. Kondensor
12. Ligbron

3. Skryf enige belangrike hanteringsreëls neer:

4. Verduidelik hoe jy vergroting bepaal:

5. Wat is die vergroting waarop die mikroskoop waarmee jy werk, nou ingestel is? Toon jou berekening.

Assessering van Mikroskoopfunksies

Kon jy basiese dele onderskei en funksies gee?

[LU 1.2; LU 1.3]

Aktiwiteit 3:

Om die mikroskoop as apparaat te gebruik

[lu 1.2; lu 1.3]

Opdrag 1:

Werk in groepe saam en doen die volgende:

  1. Skryf met ‘n transparantpen op ‘n voorwerpglasie en kyk daarna onder lae vergroting.
  2. Skeur ‘n baie klein stukkie papier af, plaas dit op die glasie en besigtig.
  3. Kyk na iets van jou keuse, bv. ‘n klein dooie insek soos ‘n mier, of een van jou eie hare.
  4. Kyk na ‘n paar korrels suiker.

Teken dit wat jy sien op ‘n vel papier.

Opdrag 2:

Maak ‘n nat preparaat van ‘n stukkie epidermis van ‘n uieblaar. Jou onderwyser sal eers die tegniek demonstreer. Kyk eers onder lae, en daarna onder hoë vergroting.

Teken die preparaat soos met die blote oog gesien, en dan soos deur die mikroskoop gesien.

Die baksteenvormige strukture is selle. Die hele liggaam van alle plante en diere (die mens ingesluit) is uit selle opgebou.

Opdrag 3:

Skryf enige wenke neer wat jy kan gee t.o.v. hantering en die vind van die regte beeld noudat jy self ‘n mikroskoop hanteer het.

Hoekom sou jy die preparaat wou kleur met ‘n kleurmiddel?

Vra jou onderwyser watter kleurmiddel jy sou kon gebruik.

Assessering van Mikroskoop-prakties

Kon jy items hanteer en sketse voltooi?

[LU 1.2; LU 1.3]

Assessering

LU 1

Wetenskaplike Ondersoek

Die leerder is in staat om met selfvertroue op weetgierigheid oor natuurlike verskynsels te reageer, en om binne die konteks van wetenskap, tegnologie en die omgewing verbande te ondersoek en probleme op te los.

Dit word bewys as die leerder:

1.1 ondersoeke beplan;

1.2 ondersoeke uitvoer en data versamel;

1.3 data evalueer en bevindinge kommunikeer.

Memorandum

Opdrag 1:

Plante, net soos alle organismes, bestaan uit basiese eenhede of selle.

  • Die bou van selle kan mikroskopies ondersoek word. Om dit te kan doen, moet jy eers weet hoe werk ‘n mikroskoop. Dit sal verdere studiemoontlikhede ontsluit.

1. Byskrifte: volgens skets

2. Funksies van die dele

BOU VAN MIKROSKOOP

MIKROSKOOPDEEL FUNKSIE
Oogstuk/ okulêr Lens aan bopunt van buis, help met vergroting
Buis Ligstrale beweeg daardeur; plaas okulêr en objektiewe uit mekaar
Arm Vashoustuk
Growwe stelskroef Beweeg platform nader aan objektief; Aanvanklike fokus
Fyn stelskroef Fyne diep fokus
Roterende neusstuk Om objektiewe in posisie te skuif
Objektiewe/ lense Verskillende vergrotings moontlik
Klampe Hou mikroskoopskyfie in posisie
Platform Plasing van mikroskoopskyfie
Diafragma Beheer hoeveelheid lig wat deur voorwerp na oog gaan
Kondensor Konsentreer lig op voorwerp
Ligbron Gloeilampie of spieëltjie

Hantering van mikroskoop

1. Dra versigtig – gebruik beide hande

2. Moenie vingerafdrukke laat nie

3. Moet nooit lense verwyder nie

4. Versigtig met hoogste objektief

5. Hou mikroskoop vry van stof en klammigheid.

Vergroting

Waarde op objektief x waarde op okulêr

  • Bv. 10 x 40 = 400 x vergroot

OPDRAG 1:

Prakties

OPDRAG 2:

Nat preparaat

1. Neem mikroskoopskyfie/voorwerpglasie – vee skoon.

2. Plaas enkele druppel skoon water met drupper in die middel.

waterdruppelvoorwerpglasie

3. Neem voorwerp versigtig met tangetjie of dissekteernaald en plaas in waterdruppel. Vou oop en plat.

4. Neem naald en plaas regop in middel van voorwerp.

5. Plaas dekglasie skuins teen naald.

6. Neem naald vinnig weg sodat glasie in plek val.

7. Tik liggies met naald se agterkant die moontlike lugblasies uit.

8. Kleur met jodiumoplossing vir beter seldefinisie. Styselkorrels sou ook kleur.

PLANTSEL

Dit bestaan uit ‘n raamwerk met ‘n spesiale vloeistof – PROTOPLASMA – en verskeie strukture dryf daarin.

OPDRAG 3

  • Beheer die hoeveelheid lig versigtig met die kondensor
  • Fokus versigtig op en af wanneer jy met hoogste vergroting te make het
  • Kleuring: met jodiumoplossing vir beter seldefinisie.Styselkorrels sou ook kleur

Questions & Answers

what does preconceived mean
sammie Reply
physiological Psychology
Nwosu Reply
How can I develope my cognitive domain
Amanyire Reply
why is communication effective
Dakolo Reply
Communication is effective because it allows individuals to share ideas, thoughts, and information with others.
effective communication can lead to improved outcomes in various settings, including personal relationships, business environments, and educational settings. By communicating effectively, individuals can negotiate effectively, solve problems collaboratively, and work towards common goals.
it starts up serve and return practice/assessments.it helps find voice talking therapy also assessments through relaxed conversation.
miss
Every time someone flushes a toilet in the apartment building, the person begins to jumb back automatically after hearing the flush, before the water temperature changes. Identify the types of learning, if it is classical conditioning identify the NS, UCS, CS and CR. If it is operant conditioning, identify the type of consequence positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement or punishment
Wekolamo Reply
please i need answer
Wekolamo
because it helps many people around the world to understand how to interact with other people and understand them well, for example at work (job).
Manix Reply
Agreed 👍 There are many parts of our brains and behaviors, we really need to get to know. Blessings for everyone and happy Sunday!
ARC
A child is a member of community not society elucidate ?
JESSY Reply
Isn't practices worldwide, be it psychology, be it science. isn't much just a false belief of control over something the mind cannot truly comprehend?
Simon Reply
compare and contrast skinner's perspective on personality development on freud
namakula Reply
Skinner skipped the whole unconscious phenomenon and rather emphasized on classical conditioning
war
explain how nature and nurture affect the development and later the productivity of an individual.
Amesalu Reply
nature is an hereditary factor while nurture is an environmental factor which constitute an individual personality. so if an individual's parent has a deviant behavior and was also brought up in an deviant environment, observation of the behavior and the inborn trait we make the individual deviant.
Samuel
I am taking this course because I am hoping that I could somehow learn more about my chosen field of interest and due to the fact that being a PsyD really ignites my passion as an individual the more I hope to learn about developing and literally explore the complexity of my critical thinking skills
Zyryn Reply
good👍
Jonathan
and having a good philosophy of the world is like a sandwich and a peanut butter 👍
Jonathan
generally amnesi how long yrs memory loss
Kelu Reply
interpersonal relationships
Abdulfatai Reply
What would be the best educational aid(s) for gifted kids/savants?
Heidi Reply
treat them normal, if they want help then give them. that will make everyone happy
Saurabh
What are the treatment for autism?
Magret Reply
hello. autism is a umbrella term. autistic kids have different disorder overlapping. for example. a kid may show symptoms of ADHD and also learning disabilities. before treatment please make sure the kid doesn't have physical disabilities like hearing..vision..speech problem. sometimes these
Jharna
continue.. sometimes due to these physical problems..the diagnosis may be misdiagnosed. treatment for autism. well it depends on the severity. since autistic kids have problems in communicating and adopting to the environment.. it's best to expose the child in situations where the child
Jharna
child interact with other kids under doc supervision. play therapy. speech therapy. Engaging in different activities that activate most parts of the brain.. like drawing..painting. matching color board game. string and beads game. the more you interact with the child the more effective
Jharna
results you'll get.. please consult a therapist to know what suits best on your child. and last as a parent. I know sometimes it's overwhelming to guide a special kid. but trust the process and be strong and patient as a parent.
Jharna
Got questions? Join the online conversation and get instant answers!
Jobilize.com Reply

Get Jobilize Job Search Mobile App in your pocket Now!

Get it on Google Play Download on the App Store Now




Source:  OpenStax, Natuurwetenskappe graad 9. OpenStax CNX. Sep 15, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11068/1.1
Google Play and the Google Play logo are trademarks of Google Inc.

Notification Switch

Would you like to follow the 'Natuurwetenskappe graad 9' conversation and receive update notifications?

Ask