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English first additional language

Grade 4

What a wonderful world

Module 37

Vocabulary and grammar

Activity 1

To identify opposites [lo 6.6.2]

When Mark Shuttleworth saw the earth from space in April 2002 he described it as looking fragile. It is true that our planet could “break” if we don’t look after it properly. We have to find ways of ensuring that development continues without using all the earth’s natural resources. In August 2002 a very important world summit (meeting) on Sustainable Development was held in South Africa to help all the countries of the world to protect the earth.

Some of the issues that were discussed were the following problems:

  • More than 11 000 species are in danger of becoming extinct;
  • Forests covering about a third of the surface of the earth, have shrunk by about 2,4% since 1991 as a result of mining and timber activities;
  • About 1 100 million people don’t have access to clean drinking water (most of them in Africa and Asia);
  • Half of the world’s rivers are polluted or practically dry; and
  • Oil, gas and other “greenhouse” gases are causing global warming.

Source: Jip, Die Burger , 2 September 2002

Each one of us, in his/her own small way, must fight against pollution and the exploitation of our animals and natural resources. We must show that we respect each other and all of nature.

1. Write five short simple sentences (one verb only in the sentence) and suggest what young people like you can do to help fight pollution.

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

2. The following words have been taken from the passage above. Give a word meaning the opposite (an antonym) for each:

(a) fragile ………………………………………..

(b) help ………………………………………..

(c) protect ………………………………………..

(d) clean ………………………………………..

(e) small ………………………………………..

3. Look at the following words from the passage, and see how their opposites are formed:

  • properly - im properly
  • continue - dis continue
  • natural - un natural
  • important - un important
  • natural - un natural

Can you see that they have been formed by adding a little bit to the word (at the beginning of the word)? This “little bit” is called a prefix. Do you know any other words that form their opposites in this way? If you do, write them down here:

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

Write all these words in your personal dictionary and make sure that you know how to use them. Ask your teacher for help if necessary.

Activity 2

To understand and use singular and plural forms of ordinary nouns [lo 6.4.1]

4. Most nouns (naming words) have plural forms. That means that the words indicate that there is more than one of the things that are being named, for example:

one planet - many planets

one country - many countries

one animal - many animals

one river - many rivers

one meeting - many meetings

Activity 3

To understand and use nouns which do not have plurals [lo 6.4.2]

Some words, however, don’t have a plural form at all, for example:

tourism, space, exploitation, respect, pollution (as used in this module)

See if you can find any other nouns that don’t have a plural form.

Activity 4

To use a dictionary [lo 6.6.3]

5. Did you notice the spelling of gases ?

We also write buses (one bus / many buses).

Remember to spell these words correctly at all times!

Write them in your personal dictionary.

And finally, just for fun……………

Do you remember the creation myths we started off with? In most of the creation stories all is well on earth up to a certain point, and then the trouble starts. Someone is usually disobedient or mischievous and causes evil things to happen. (In the Bible we read that Adam and Eve were disobedient and that is when sin came into the world.)

In Greek mythology, there is a woman called Pandora. She was the first woman ever to set foot on earth. Pandora wasn’t as good as she seemed to be. In fact, she was the cause of all the trouble on earth …

Do some research on the story of Pandora. You could make up a wonderful little play on it. How about it?

OR

Dramatise any scene based on the protection of nature, e.g. police trying to capture poachers.

Assessment

Learning outcome 6: language structure and use

The learner will know and be able to use the sounds, words and grammar of the language and interpret texts.

Assessment standard

We know this when the learner:

6.4 understands and uses singular and plural forms of nouns:

6.4.1 ordinary nouns;

  • nouns which do not have plurals;

6.6 develops own vocabulary:

6.6.2 identifies opposites;

6.6.3 uses personal dictionaries.

Questions & Answers

how does Neisseria cause meningitis
Nyibol Reply
what is microbiologist
Muhammad Reply
what is errata
Muhammad
is the branch of biology that deals with the study of microorganisms.
Ntefuni Reply
What is microbiology
Mercy Reply
studies of microbes
Louisiaste
when we takee the specimen which lumbar,spin,
Ziyad Reply
How bacteria create energy to survive?
Muhamad Reply
Bacteria doesn't produce energy they are dependent upon their substrate in case of lack of nutrients they are able to make spores which helps them to sustain in harsh environments
_Adnan
But not all bacteria make spores, l mean Eukaryotic cells have Mitochondria which acts as powerhouse for them, since bacteria don't have it, what is the substitution for it?
Muhamad
they make spores
Louisiaste
what is sporadic nd endemic, epidemic
Aminu Reply
the significance of food webs for disease transmission
Abreham
food webs brings about an infection as an individual depends on number of diseased foods or carriers dully.
Mark
explain assimilatory nitrate reduction
Esinniobiwa Reply
Assimilatory nitrate reduction is a process that occurs in some microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, in which nitrate (NO3-) is reduced to nitrite (NO2-), and then further reduced to ammonia (NH3).
Elkana
This process is called assimilatory nitrate reduction because the nitrogen that is produced is incorporated in the cells of microorganisms where it can be used in the synthesis of amino acids and other nitrogen products
Elkana
Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu Reply
Give Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu
advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal Reply
Prevent foreign microbes to the host
Abubakar
they provide healthier benefits to their hosts
ayesha
They are friends to host only when Host immune system is strong and become enemies when the host immune system is weakened . very bad relationship!
Mark
what is cell
faisal Reply
cell is the smallest unit of life
Fauziya
cell is the smallest unit of life
Akanni
ok
Innocent
cell is the structural and functional unit of life
Hasan
is the fundamental units of Life
Musa
what are emergency diseases
Micheal Reply
There are nothing like emergency disease but there are some common medical emergency which can occur simultaneously like Bleeding,heart attack,Breathing difficulties,severe pain heart stock.Hope you will get my point .Have a nice day ❣️
_Adnan
define infection ,prevention and control
Innocent
I think infection prevention and control is the avoidance of all things we do that gives out break of infections and promotion of health practices that promote life
Lubega
Heyy Lubega hussein where are u from?
_Adnan
en français
Adama
which site have a normal flora
ESTHER Reply
Many sites of the body have it Skin Nasal cavity Oral cavity Gastro intestinal tract
Safaa
skin
Asiina
skin,Oral,Nasal,GIt
Sadik
How can Commensal can Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
How can Commensal Bacteria change into pathogen?
Sadik
all
Tesfaye
by fussion
Asiina
what are the advantages of normal Flora to the host
Micheal
what are the ways of control and prevention of nosocomial infection in the hospital
Micheal
what is inflammation
Shelly Reply
part of a tissue or an organ being wounded or bruised.
Wilfred
what term is used to name and classify microorganisms?
Micheal Reply
Binomial nomenclature
adeolu
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Source:  OpenStax, English first additional language grade 4. OpenStax CNX. Sep 18, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11093/1.1
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