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Sosiale wetenskappe

Aardrykskunde

Graad 8

Kaartwerk

Module 12

Die ligging van ‘n plek

Daar is verskillende maniere om ’n plek se ligging te bepaal:

1. Die indeks van die atlas

Agter in elke atlas is ’n alfabetiese lys van plekname.

Kom ons gebruik Oudtshoorn as ’n voorbeeld: Oudtshoorn RSA 8 - 33º 36’ S, 22º 11’ O.

  • Direk na Oudtshoorn staan die bladsy in die atlas van die kaart waarop Oudtshoorn aangetref sal word.
  • Daarna volg die breedteligging : 33º 36’ S.
  • Gevolg deur die lengteligging : 22º 11’ O.
  • Waar die twee lyne op die kaart kruis sal Oudtshoorn geleë wees.

Voorbeeld:

ONTHOU!

Die breedtelyn word ALTYD EERSTE gegee. Suid-Afrika is mos in die Suidelike Halfrond geleë en daarom word die suider-breedtelyn eerste genoem gevolg deur die ooster-lengtelyn want Suid-Afrika lê ook in die Oostelike Halfrond.

AKTIWITEIT 1

  • Vind die ligging van die volgende plekke deur van die atlas se indeks gebruik te maak:
  1. Noupoort
  2. Port Elizabeth
  3. Johannesburg
  4. Durban
  5. Stellenbosch

[LU 1.2]

2. Die Alfa-numeriese stelsel

’n Kaart word in blokke opgedeel wat almal ewe groot is. Horisontaal word dit numeries (met nommers) gemerk. Vertikaal word dit met letters alfabeties genommer. Die letter en die nommer van ’n blok word dan gebruik om ’n plek se ligging aan te dui.

Voorbeeld:

  • Die man kom in blok A3 voor.

AKTIWITEIT 2

  • Benoem die blokke waar die volgende verskynsels voorkom.

1. ’n Gebou : ..................................................

2. ’n Perd : ..................................................

3. ’n Boom : ..................................................

4. ’n Motor : ..................................................

[LU 1.1]

3. Ruitverwysing / Koördinate

Dit is die metode waardeur ligging op 1:50 000 topografiese kaarte aangedui word.

Elke topografiese kaartvel verteenwoordig ’n gedeelte van ’n graad (º).

’n Graad word weer opgedeel in 60 minute (‘).

Een minuut word weer opgedeel in 60 sekondes (“).

Voorbeeld:

  • Die ligging van A is 33º 31’ S; 22º 12’ O.
  • Die ligging van B is 33º 33’ S; 22º 14’ O.
  • Wat sal die ligging van C en D dan wees?

ONTHOU!

Daar is 60 sekondes (“) tussen twee minuutlyne en dit word nie op ’n topografiese kaart aangedui nie. Hierdie 60” moet geskat word (30” lê byvoorbeeld min of meer in die middel).

Die ligging van C is 33º 34’ 10” S; 22º 11’ 25” O.

Die ligging van D is 33º 33’ 30” S; 22º 15’ 50” O.

ONTHOU!

Op 1:50 000 topografiese kaarte is alle breedtelyne SUIDER-breedtelyne en vergroot suidwaarts. Alle lengtelyne is OOSTER-lengtelyne en vergroot ooswaarts. BREEDTELYNE word ALTYD EERSTE genoem.

Assessering

Leeruitkomstes(LUs)
LU 1
Aardrykskundige OndersoekDie leerder is in staat om ondersoekvaardighede te gebruik om aardrykskundige en omgewingsbegrippe en -prosesse te ondersoek.
Assesseringstandaarde(ASe)
Dit is duidelik wanneer die leerder:
1.1 ‘n verskeidenheid geografiese en omgewingsbronne identifiseer en selekteer wat relevant tot die navorsing is;1.2 inligting vanaf kaarte en atlasse, asook grafiese en statistiese bronne, interpreteer;1.3 afstandberekening doen op kaarte en dit vergelyk met werklike afstand;1.4 fisiese en mensgemaakte eienskappe op lugfoto’s en kaarte identifiseer.

Memorandum

AKTIWITEIT1:

  1. B2.
  2. C4.
  3. D2.
  4. E5.

AKTIWITEIT2:

  1. Alice.
  2. NO.
  3. 52° - laat speling toe.
  4. NO.
  5. 282° - laat speling toe.
  6. Noord.

Questions & Answers

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Nyibol Reply
what is microbiologist
Muhammad Reply
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Muhammad
is the branch of biology that deals with the study of microorganisms.
Ntefuni Reply
What is microbiology
Mercy Reply
studies of microbes
Louisiaste
when we takee the specimen which lumbar,spin,
Ziyad Reply
How bacteria create energy to survive?
Muhamad Reply
Bacteria doesn't produce energy they are dependent upon their substrate in case of lack of nutrients they are able to make spores which helps them to sustain in harsh environments
_Adnan
But not all bacteria make spores, l mean Eukaryotic cells have Mitochondria which acts as powerhouse for them, since bacteria don't have it, what is the substitution for it?
Muhamad
they make spores
Louisiaste
what is sporadic nd endemic, epidemic
Aminu Reply
the significance of food webs for disease transmission
Abreham
food webs brings about an infection as an individual depends on number of diseased foods or carriers dully.
Mark
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Esinniobiwa Reply
Assimilatory nitrate reduction is a process that occurs in some microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea, in which nitrate (NO3-) is reduced to nitrite (NO2-), and then further reduced to ammonia (NH3).
Elkana
This process is called assimilatory nitrate reduction because the nitrogen that is produced is incorporated in the cells of microorganisms where it can be used in the synthesis of amino acids and other nitrogen products
Elkana
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Shu Reply
Give Examples of thermophilic organisms
Shu
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Micheal Reply
Prevent foreign microbes to the host
Abubakar
they provide healthier benefits to their hosts
ayesha
They are friends to host only when Host immune system is strong and become enemies when the host immune system is weakened . very bad relationship!
Mark
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faisal Reply
cell is the smallest unit of life
Fauziya
cell is the smallest unit of life
Akanni
ok
Innocent
cell is the structural and functional unit of life
Hasan
is the fundamental units of Life
Musa
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Micheal Reply
There are nothing like emergency disease but there are some common medical emergency which can occur simultaneously like Bleeding,heart attack,Breathing difficulties,severe pain heart stock.Hope you will get my point .Have a nice day ❣️
_Adnan
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Innocent
I think infection prevention and control is the avoidance of all things we do that gives out break of infections and promotion of health practices that promote life
Lubega
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_Adnan
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Adama
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ESTHER Reply
Many sites of the body have it Skin Nasal cavity Oral cavity Gastro intestinal tract
Safaa
skin
Asiina
skin,Oral,Nasal,GIt
Sadik
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Micheal
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Micheal
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Shelly Reply
part of a tissue or an organ being wounded or bruised.
Wilfred
what term is used to name and classify microorganisms?
Micheal Reply
Binomial nomenclature
adeolu
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Source:  OpenStax, Aardrykskunde graad 8. OpenStax CNX. Sep 11, 2009 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11035/1.1
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