Unit 4. ecology

OpenStax

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Ecology and the biosphere

1 The scope of ecology

2.1 Biogeography

2.2 Energy sources

2.3 Temperature

2.5 Inorganic nutrients and soil

2.6 Other aquatic factors

2.7 Other terrestrial factors

2.8 Abiotic factors influencing plant growth

2.9 Section summary

2.10 Art connections

3 Terrestrial biomes

4 Aquatic biomes

4.1 Abiotic factors influencing aquatic biomes

4.2 Marine biomes

4.4 Coral reefs

4.5 Estuaries: where the ocean meets fresh water

4.6 Freshwater biomes

4.7 Lakes and ponds

4.8 Rivers and streams

4.10 Section summary

4.11 Art connections

5 Climate and the effects of global climate change

Population and community ecology

1 Population demography

2 Life histories and natural selection

3 Environmental limits to population growth

3.1 Exponential growth

3.2 Logistic growth

3.3 Carrying capacity and the logistic model

3.4 Role of intraspecific competition

3.5 Examples of logistic growth

3.6 Section summary

3.7 Art connections

4 Population dynamics and regulation

5 Human population growth

5.1 Overcoming density-dependent regulation

5.2 Age structure, population growth, and economic development

5.3 Long-term consequences of exponential human population growth

5.4 Section summary

5.5 Art connections

6 Community ecology

7 Behavioral biology: proximate and ultimate causes of behavior

1 Ecology of ecosystems

2 Energy flow through ecosystems

3 Biogeochemical cycles

3.1 The water (hydrologic) cycle

3.2 The carbon cycle

3.3 The biological carbon cycle

3.4 The biogeochemical carbon cycle

3.5 The nitrogen cycle

3.6 The phosphorus cycle

3.7 The sulfur cycle

3.8 Section summary

3.9 Art connections

Conservation biology and biodiversity

1 The biodiversity crisis

1.1 Types of biodiversity

1.2 Current species diversity

1.3 Patterns of biodiversity

1.4 Conservation of biodiversity

1.5 Biodiversity change through geological time

1.6 The five mass extinctions

1.7 The pleistocene extinction

1.8 Present-time extinctions

1.9 Estimates of present-time extinction rates

1.10 Section summary

1.11 Art connections

2 The importance of biodiversity to human life

3 Threats to biodiversity

3.1 Habitat loss

3.2 Overharvesting

3.3 Exotic species

3.4 Climate change

3.5 Section summary

3.6 Art connections

4 Preserving biodiversity

4.1 Measuring biodiversity

4.2 Changing human behavior

4.3 Conservation in preserves

4.4 How much area to preserve?

4.5 Preserve design

4.6 Limitations on preserves

4.7 Habitat restoration

4.8 The role of captive breeding

4.9 Section summary

4.10 Art connections

Source: OpenStax, University of georgia concepts of biology. OpenStax CNX. May 28, 2013 Download for free at https://legacy.cnx.org/content/col11526/1.2

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