Scratch v1.4

OpenStax

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Scr0100: scratch overview

1 Table of contents

5 Where are the little leagues of computer science?

6 Some statistics

7 Many archived projects are readily available

8 Post, review, and comment

9 A world-wide phenomenon

10 Demographics

11 Not in organized classes

14 Programming for many purposes

15 The Scratch player applet

16 Computer art by pandalecteur

17 Click the link to run the applet

18 Be sure to close the pages

19 What if the applets don't run?

20 Anime projects

21 Game projects

23 A pseudo-3D animation

24 An animated story

25 The tip of the iceberg

26 Scratch development environment

27 A sprite-oriented programming environment

29 Walking-boy costumes

31 Controlling the behavior of a sprite

32 Drag and drop programming

33 Costumes and sounds

34 The Scratch programming language

35 Music, music, music

36 The toolbox buttons and toolbox pane

37 High-level multimedia functionality

38 Program control

41 Miscellaneous

Scr0110: getting started

1 Table of contents

3 Let's have some fun in the process of learning

4 Fully interactive operating mode

5 Setup your computer to use Scratch

6 Run the tutorials

7 Programming fundamentals

8 Will concentrate on the fundamentals

9 Drag and drop programming

10 Mechanics are difficult to explain

11 Advantages and disadvantages

12 Run some student projects

14 Selecting Help Page...

15 Selecting Help Screens ...

16 What's next?

18 Miscellaneous

Scr0120: memory, variables, and literals

1 Table of contents

3 Student programming projects

6 General background information

7 An overview of computer programming

8 Not especially difficult

9 One step at a time

10 The hard work is often done for us

12 Random access versus sequential memory

13 Combination random/sequential memory

15 Brief definition of a variable

16 A physical analogy

17 Pretend that you are a computer program

18 Names versus addresses

19 Execute an algorithm

20 Declaring a variable

21 Case sensitivity

22 Use names to access values

23 Storing and retrieving

25 Where does data originate ?

26 Hard coded data

27 A value coded into the program

28 Preview of the Scratch program

29 The Scratch program named Variable01 .sb

30 A variable named Counter

31 A variable named counter

32 Discussion and sample code

34 The toolbox buttons

35 A full-size view of the Variables area

36 Create two variables

37 Allowable operations for variables

38 Specifying the values

39 Cause the variables to be displayed

40 Create a new variable

41 Allowable variable names and lengths

42 Meaningful variable names

43 Writing the program

44 Programming blocks in the Control category

45 The finished program

46 Behavior of the program

47 Click the green flag

48 Press the space bar

49 Click the mouse on the Stage

50 Event-driven programming

51 Example blocks with pointed ends

52 Run the program

53 Student programming projects

57 What's next?

59 Miscellaneous

Scr0130: sequence, selection, and loop

Scr0140: arithmetic operators

1 Table of contents

5 General background information

10 A brief word about type

11 Unary, binary, and ternary operators

12 Some operators can be either unary or binary

13 The minus character as a unary operator

14 Binary operators use infix notation

15 General behavior of an operator

16 Operator categories

18 Discussion and sample code

19 Four variables

21 Two scripts in the center panel

22 Variables with sliders

23 How to create a slider

24 Full-size view of the center panel

25 Initialize the variable values to zero

26 Define the behavior of the button

27 Constructing the script

28 Not exactly what we want to happen

29 The Operators panel

30 Four arithmetic operators

31 Use an asterisk for multiplication

32 Use a forward slash for division

33 More blocks of the correct shape

34 Random numbers

36 Various numeric representations

37 Rounding a number

38 Drag and drop the plus and minus operators

39 A few more steps are required

40 Operation of the program

41 An online version of this program is available

42 Run the program

43 Student programming project

45 What's next?

47 Miscellaneous

Scr0150: relational operators

1 Table of contents

5 General background information

6 Operator categories

8 Program operation

9 No boolean type available in Scratch

10 Discussion and sample code

11 A button and five variables

12 The program code

13 Initialize the variables

14 When the button is clicked ...

15 An if-else block

16 Need to put a conditional clause in the pocket

17 Where are the blocks with the correct shape?

18 Will use blocks from the Operators group

19 Six blocks have the correct shape

20 Relational operators in other languages

21 Three steps at once

22 Still need to complete the conditional clause

23 Complete the relational expression

24 Completing the program

25 A screen shot of the program output

26 Interpretation of the results

27 An online version of this program is available

28 Run the program

29 Student programming project

30 Operation of the program

32 What's next?

34 General resources

35 Programs used in this collection

36 Miscellaneous

Source: OpenStax, Teaching beginners to code. OpenStax CNX. May 27, 2013 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11498/1.20

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