# 0.11 Formation constants for complex ions

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Formation Constants for Complex Ions
Equilibrium K f
${\text{Al}}^{\text{3+}}+6{\text{F}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[{\text{AlF}}_{6}\right]}^{\text{3−}}$ 7 $×$ 10 19
${\text{Cd}}^{\text{2+}}+4{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Cd}{\left({\text{NH}}_{3}\right)}_{4}\right]}^{\text{2}\text{+}}$ 1.3 $×$ 10 7
${\text{Cd}}^{\text{2+}}+4{\text{CN}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Cd}{\left(\text{CN}\right)}_{4}\right]}^{2-}$ 3 $×$ 10 18
${\text{Co}}^{\text{2+}}+6{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Co}{\left({\text{NH}}_{3}\right)}_{6}\right]}^{2+}$ 1.3 $×$ 10 5
${\text{Co}}^{\text{3+}}+6{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Co}{\left({\text{NH}}_{3}\right)}_{6}\right]}^{3+}$ 2.3 $×$ 10 33
${\text{Cu}}^{+}+2\text{CN}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Cu}{\left(\text{CN}\right)}_{2}\right]}^{-}$ 1.0 $×$ 10 16
${\text{Cu}}^{\text{2+}}+4{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Cu}{\left({\text{NH}}_{3}\right)}_{4}\right]}^{2+}$ 1.7 $×$ 10 13
${\text{Fe}}^{\text{2+}}+6{\text{CN}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Fe}{\left(\text{CN}\right)}_{6}\right]}^{4-}$ 1.5 $×$ 10 35
${\text{Fe}}^{\text{3+}}+6{\text{CN}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Fe}{\left(\text{CN}\right)}_{6}\right]}^{3-}$ 2 $×$ 10 43
${\text{Fe}}^{\text{3+}}+6{\text{SCN}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Fe}{\left(\text{SCN}\right)}_{6}\right]}^{3-}$ 3.2 $×$ 10 3
${\text{Hg}}^{\text{2+}}+4{\text{Cl}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[{\text{HgCl}}_{4}\right]}^{2-}$ 1.1 $×$ 10 16
${\text{Ni}}^{\text{2+}}+6{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Ni}{\left({\text{NH}}_{3}\right)}_{6}\right]}^{2+}$ 2.0 $×$ 10 8
${\text{Ag}}^{\text{+}}+2{\text{Cl}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[{\text{AgCl}}_{2}\right]}^{-}$ 1.8 $×$ 10 5
${\text{Ag}}^{\text{+}}+2{\text{CN}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Ag}{\left(\text{CN}\right)}_{2}\right]}^{-}$ 1 $×$ 10 21
${\text{Ag}}^{\text{+}}+2{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Ag}{\left({\text{NH}}_{3}\right)}_{2}\right]}^{+}$ 1.7 $×$ 10 7
${\text{Zn}}^{\text{2+}}+4{\text{CN}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Zn}{\left(\text{CN}\right)}_{4}\right]}^{2-}$ 2.1 $×$ 10 19
${\text{Zn}}^{\text{2+}}+4{\text{OH}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Zn}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{4}\right]}^{2-}$ 2 $×$ 10 15
${\text{Fe}}^{\text{3+}}+{\text{SCN}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Fe}\left(\text{SCN}\right)\right]}^{2+}$ 8.9 $×$ 10 2
${\text{Ag}}^{\text{+}}+4{\text{SCN}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Ag}{\left(\text{SCN}\right)}_{4}\right]}^{3-}$ 1.2 $×$ 10 10
${\text{Pb}}^{\text{2+}}+4{\text{I}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[{\text{PbI}}_{4}\right]}^{2-}$ 3.0 $×$ 10 4
${\text{Pt}}^{\text{2+}}+4{\text{Cl}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[{\text{PtCl}}_{4}\right]}^{2-}$ 1 $×$ 10 16
${\text{Cu}}^{\text{2+}}+4\text{CN}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Cu}{\left(\text{CN}\right)}_{4}\right]}^{2-}$ 1.0 $×$ 10 25
${\text{Co}}^{\text{2+}}+4{\text{SCN}}^{\text{−}}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}⇌\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left[\text{Co}{\left(\text{SCN}\right)}_{4}\right]}^{2-}$ $×$  10 3

what is catenation
The property of carbon to form long chain with other atom!
Lareb
hydrocarbons can be classified as..1.Aliphatic compounds 2.cyclic compounds.under aliphatic compounds there are two types saturated hydrocarbons(alkanes) and unsaturated hydrocarbons(alkenes and alkynes).
thanks but i have also heard of aromatic hydrocarbons
emmanuel
so am kinda confused
emmanuel
hello i have big problems in understanding organic chemistry
what are the main types of hydrocarbon
emmanuel
how many elements are in the periodic table
118
daniel
please what are the main types of hydrocarbons
emmanuel
why Rutherford uses the gold foil instead of other metals?
Rutherford chose gold was because its extremely malleable. One can stretch gold foil until it is only a few atoms thick in places, which is not possible with aluminum. If the foil were too thick, there would be no transmission of particles at all; the whole point was to demonstrate that most alpha
daniel
wjat does Rutherford mean?
Asali
Ernest Rutherford was the scientist that preformed the experiment.
daniel
although other metals are also present which are more melleable!?so
Lareb
gold
daniel
what is a balanced equation 4 trioxonitrate (V)acid and sodium hydroxide?
proved ur Worth: If A is a of trioxonitrate(V)acid,HNO3' of unknown concentration .B is a standard solution of sodium hydroxide containing 4.00g per dm cube of solution.25cm cube portions solution B required an average of 24.00cm cube of solution A for neutralization,using 2 drops of methyl orange.
Marcel
calculate the concentration of solution B in moles per dm cube
Marcel
calculate the concentration of solution A and B in moles per DM cube
Marcel
finally calculate the concentration in g/dm cube of HNO3 in solution A (H=1,N=14,O=16,Na=23)
Marcel
calculate the standard enthalpy of formation for propane(C3H8) from the following data; 1), C3H8+5O2->3CO2+4H2O; -222.0kJ/mol 2), C+O2->CO2;-395.5kJ/mol 3),H2+O->H2O; 285.8kJ/mol
Josephine
let eventually of formation of propane = X X + (-222)=3×(-395.5)+4×(-286) rearrange to find X
Paul
wat is electrolysis?
it is the chemical decomposition of a substance when electric current is passed through it either in molten form or aqueous solution
Nuru
list the side effect of chemical industries
how do you ionise an atom
many ways ,but one of them is when the atom becomes heated to a certain temperature the surface electron becomes too energetic and leaves the atom because the attraction between the nucleus and the electron becomes overpowered by the energetic eletron
sunday
also hitting of two atoms can cause transfer of surface electrons
sunday
and when this transfers occur the atom becomes ionised
sunday
who is doing Cape chemistry tomorrow?
What is hybridization
the mix between different breeds of species in one
Jared
it is the blending of orbitals.
stanley
the mixing of orbital
caramel
are covalent bonds influenced by factors such as temperature and pressure?
what is catalyst used for mirror test
when an atom looses electron, what does it become?
it's oxidized and called an ion
Anora
thanks
Abdullahi
Now, I get it
Abdullahi
cation
Anora
can you give an example please, if you don't mind
Abdullahi
a positive ion,become positively charged/a cation.
Janis
sodium plus one is simple cation is exmpl
ajmal
Taking Sodium as example..... it carries a positive charge which means it is positively charged.....when it gains an electron, it is reduced cuz an electron is negatively charged.....also when an atom looses an electron, it becomes positively charged and when it gains, it becomes negatively charged.
Nuru
typically, ionization is the process where an atom looses or gains electron(s) to form ion(s) either a positively or negatively
Nuru
what is copper
just an element
Power
Cu
daniel