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The function graphed starts at (−2.5, 1), decreases rapidly to (−2, −1.25), increases to (−1, 0.25) before decreasing slowly to (0, 0.2), at which point it increases slowly to (1, 0.25), then decreases rapidly to (2, −1.25), and finally increases to (2.5, 1).

Absolute minima at −2, 2; absolute maxima at −2.5, 2.5; local minimum at 0; local maxima at −1, 1

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For the following problems, draw graphs of f ( x ) , which is continuous, over the interval [ −4 , 4 ] with the following properties:

Absolute maximum at x = 2 and absolute minima at x = ± 3

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Absolute minimum at x = 1 and absolute maximum at x = 2

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Absolute maximum at x = 4 , absolute minimum at x = −1 , local maximum at x = −2 , and a critical point that is not a maximum or minimum at x = 2

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Absolute maxima at x = 2 and x = −3 , local minimum at x = 1 , and absolute minimum at x = 4

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For the following exercises, find the critical points in the domains of the following functions.

y = x 3 / 2 3 x 5 / 2

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y = x 2 1 x 2 + 2 x 3

None

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y = x + 1 x

x = −1 , 1

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For the following exercises, find the local and/or absolute maxima for the functions over the specified domain.

f ( x ) = x 2 + 3 over [ −1 , 4 ]

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y = x 2 + 2 x over [ 1 , 4 ]

Absolute maximum: x = 4 , y = 33 2 ; absolute minimum: x = 1 , y = 3

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y = ( x x 2 ) 2 over [ −1 , 1 ]

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y = 1 ( x x 2 ) over [ 0 , 1 ]

Absolute minimum: x = 1 2 , y = 4

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y = 9 x over [ 1 , 9 ]

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y = x + sin ( x ) over [ 0 , 2 π ]

Absolute maximum: x = 2 π , y = 2 π ; absolute minimum: x = 0 , y = 0

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y = x 1 + x over [ 0 , 100 ]

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y = | x + 1 | + | x 1 | over [ −3 , 2 ]

Absolute maximum: x = −3 ; absolute minimum: −1 x 1 , y = 2

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y = x x 3 over [ 0 , 4 ]

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y = sin x + cos x over [ 0 , 2 π ]

Absolute maximum: x = π 4 , y = 2 ; absolute minimum: x = 5 π 4 , y = 2

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y = 4 sin θ 3 cos θ over [ 0 , 2 π ]

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For the following exercises, find the local and absolute minima and maxima for the functions over ( , ) .

y = x 2 + 4 x + 5

Absolute minimum: x = −2 , y = 1

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y = 3 x 4 + 8 x 3 18 x 2

Absolute minimum: x = −3 , y = −135 ; local maximum: x = 0 , y = 0 ; local minimum: x = 1 , y = −7

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y = x 2 + x + 6 x 1

Local maximum: x = 1 2 2 , y = 3 4 2 ; local minimum: x = 1 + 2 2 , y = 3 + 4 2

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For the following functions, use a calculator to graph the function and to estimate the absolute and local maxima and minima. Then, solve for them explicitly.

[T] y = 3 x 1 x 2

Absolute maximum: x = 2 2 , y = 3 2 ; absolute minimum: x = 2 2 , y = 3 2

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[T] y = 12 x 5 + 45 x 4 + 20 x 3 90 x 2 120 x + 3

Local maximum: x = −2 , y = 59 ; local minimum: x = 1 , y = −130

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[T] y = x 3 + 6 x 2 x 30 x 2

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[T] y = 4 x 2 4 + x 2

Absolute maximum: x = 0 , y = 1 ; absolute minimum: x = −2 , 2 , y = 0

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A company that produces cell phones has a cost function of C = x 2 1200 x + 36,400 , where C is cost in dollars and x is number of cell phones produced (in thousands). How many units of cell phone (in thousands) minimizes this cost function?

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A ball is thrown into the air and its position is given by h ( t ) = −4.9 t 2 + 60 t + 5 m . Find the height at which the ball stops ascending. How long after it is thrown does this happen?

h = 9245 49 m, t = 300 49 s

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For the following exercises, consider the production of gold during the California gold rush (1848–1888). The production of gold can be modeled by G ( t ) = ( 25 t ) ( t 2 + 16 ) , where t is the number of years since the rush began ( 0 t 40 ) and G is ounces of gold produced (in millions). A summary of the data is shown in the following figure.

The bar graph shows gold (in millions of troy ounces) per year, starting in 1848 and ending in 1888. In 1848, the bar graph shows 0.05; in 1849, 0.5; in 1850, 2; in 1851, 3.6; in 1852, 3.9; in 1853, 3.3; in 1854, 3.4; in 1855, 2.6; in 1856, 2.75; in 1857, 2.1; in 1858, 2.2; in 1859, 2.15; in 1860, 2.1; in 1861, 2; in 1862, 1.8; in 1863, 1.1; in 1864, 1.15; in 1865, 0.9; in 1866, 0.85; in 1867, 0.9; in 1868, 0.85; in 1869, 0.9; in 1870, 0.85; in 1871, 0.85; in 1872, 0.75; in 1873, 0.7; in 1874, 0.8; in 1875, 0.75; in 1876, 0.7; in 1877, 0.73; in 1878, 0.9; in 1879, 0.95; in 1880, 1; in 1881, 0.95; in 1882, 0.85; in 1883, 1.1; in 1884, 0.6; in 1885, 0.55; in 1886, 0.65; in 1887, 0.6; and in 1888, 0.55.

Find when the maximum (local and global) gold production occurred, and the amount of gold produced during that maximum.

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Find when the minimum (local and global) gold production occurred. What was the amount of gold produced during this minimum?

The global minimum was in 1848, when no gold was produced.

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Find the critical points, maxima, and minima for the following piecewise functions.

y = { x 2 4 x 0 x 1 x 2 4 1 < x 2

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y = { x 2 + 1 x 1 x 2 4 x + 5 x > 1

Absolute minima: x = 0 , x = 2 , y = 1 ; local maximum at x = 1 , y = 2

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For the following exercises, find the critical points of the following generic functions. Are they maxima, minima, or neither? State the necessary conditions.

y = a x 2 + b x + c , given that a > 0

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y = ( x 1 ) a , given that a > 1

No maxima/minima if a is odd, minimum at x = 1 if a is even

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Practice Key Terms 9

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Source:  OpenStax, Calculus volume 1. OpenStax CNX. Feb 05, 2016 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11964/1.2
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