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Graph the line passing through the point ( −1 , −3 ) whose slope is m = 4 .

Solution

Plot the given point.

The graph shows the x y coordinate plane. The x and y-axes run from negative 5 to 5. The point (negative 1, negative 3) is plotted and labeled.

Identify the rise and the run. m = 4 Write 4 as a fraction. rise run = 4 1 rise = 4 run = 1

Count the rise and run and mark the second point.

This figure shows how to graph the line passing through the point (negative 1, negative 3) whose slope is 4. The first step is to identify the rise and run. The rise is 4 and the run is 1. 4 divided by 1 is 4, so the slope is 4. Next we count the rise and run and mark the second point. To the right is a graph of the x y-coordinate plane. The x and y-axes run from negative 5 to 5. We start at the plotted point (negative 1, negative 3) and count the rise, 4. We reach the point negative 1, 1, which we plot. We then count the run from this point, which is 1. We reach the point (0, 1), which is plotted. The last step is to connect the two points with a line. We draw a line which passes through the points (negative 1, negative 3) and (0, 1).

Connect the two points with a line.

The graph shows the x y coordinate plane. The x and y-axes run from negative 5 to 5. A line passes through the plotted points (-1, -3) and (1,0).

You can check your work by finding a third point. Since the slope is m = 4 , it can be written as m = −4 −1 . Go back to ( −1 , −3 ) and count out the rise, −4 , and the run, −1 .

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Graph the line with the point ( −2 , 1 ) and slope m = 3 .

The graph shows the x y coordinate plane. The x and y-axes run from negative 7 to 7. A line passes through the points (negative 2, 1) and (negative 1, 4).

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Graph the line with the point ( 4 , −2 ) and slope m = −2 .

The graph shows the x y coordinate plane. The x and y-axes run from negative 7 to 7. A line passes through the points (4, negative 2) and (5, negative 4).

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Solve slope applications

At the beginning of this section, we said there are many applications of slope in the real world. Let’s look at a few now.

The ‘pitch’ of a building’s roof is the slope of the roof. Knowing the pitch is important in climates where there is heavy snowfall. If the roof is too flat, the weight of the snow may cause it to collapse. What is the slope of the roof shown?

This figure shows a house with a sloped roof. The roof on one half of the building is labeled

Solution

Use the slope formula. m = rise run Substitute the values for rise and run. m = 9 18 Simplify. m = 1 2 The slope of the roof is 1 2 . The roof rises 1 foot for every 2 feet of horizontal run.

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Use [link] , substituting the rise = 14 and run = 24.

7 12

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Use [link] , substituting rise = 15 and run = 36.

5 12

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Have you ever thought about the sewage pipes going from your house to the street? They must slope down 1 4 inch per foot in order to drain properly. What is the required slope?

This figure is a right triangle. One leg is negative one quarter inch and the other leg is one foot.

Solution

Use the slope formula. m = rise run m = 1 4 inch 1 foot m = 1 4 inch 12 inches Simplify. m = 1 48 The slope of the pipe is 1 48 .

The pipe drops 1 inch for every 48 inches of horizontal run.

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Find the slope of a pipe that slopes down 1 3 inch per foot.

1 36

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Find the slope of a pipe that slopes down 3 4 inch per yard.

1 48

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Access these online resources for additional instruction and practice with understanding slope of a line.

Key concepts

  • Find the Slope of a Line from its Graph using m = rise run
    1. Locate two points on the line whose coordinates are integers.
    2. Starting with the point on the left, sketch a right triangle, going from the first point to the second point.
    3. Count the rise and the run on the legs of the triangle.
    4. Take the ratio of rise to run to find the slope.



  • Graph a Line Given a Point and the Slope
    1. Plot the given point.
    2. Use the slope formula m = rise run to identify the rise and the run.
    3. Starting at the given point, count out the rise and run to mark the second point.
    4. Connect the points with a line.



  • Slope of a Horizontal Line
    • The slope of a horizontal line, y = b , is 0.
  • Slope of a vertical line
    • The slope of a vertical line, x = a , is undefined

Practice makes perfect

Use Geoboards to Model Slope

In the following exercises, find the slope modeled on each geoboard.

In the following exercises, model each slope. Draw a picture to show your results.

Use m = rise run to find the Slope of a Line from its Graph

In the following exercises, find the slope of each line shown.

Find the Slope of Horizontal and Vertical Lines

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Source:  OpenStax, Elementary algebra. OpenStax CNX. Jan 18, 2017 Download for free at http://cnx.org/content/col12116/1.2
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