# 6.4 Special products

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By the end of this section, you will be able to:
• Square a binomial using the Binomial Squares Pattern
• Multiply conjugates using the Product of Conjugates Pattern
• Recognize and use the appropriate special product pattern

Before you get started, take this readiness quiz.

1. Simplify: ${9}^{2}$ ${\left(-9\right)}^{2}$ $\text{−}{9}^{2}.$
If you missed this problem, review [link] .

## Square a binomial using the binomial squares pattern

Mathematicians like to look for patterns that will make their work easier. A good example of this is squaring binomials. While you can always get the product by writing the binomial    twice and using the methods of the last section, there is less work to do if you learn to use a pattern.

$\begin{array}{}\\ \\ \text{Let’s start by looking at}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\left(x+9\right)}^{2}.\hfill & & & \\ \text{What does this mean?}\hfill & & & \phantom{\rule{4em}{0ex}}{\left(x+9\right)}^{2}\hfill \\ \text{It means to multiply}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\left(x+9\right)\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{by itself.}\hfill & & & \phantom{\rule{4em}{0ex}}\left(x+9\right)\left(x+9\right)\hfill \\ \text{Then, using FOIL, we get:}\hfill & & & \phantom{\rule{4em}{0ex}}{x}^{2}+9x+9x+81\hfill \\ \text{Combining like terms gives:}\hfill & & & \phantom{\rule{4em}{0ex}}{x}^{2}+18x+81\hfill \\ \\ \\ \\ \text{Here’s another one:}\hfill & & & \phantom{\rule{4em}{0ex}}{\left(y-7\right)}^{2}\hfill \\ \text{Multiply}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\left(y-7\right)\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{by itself.}\hfill & & & \phantom{\rule{4em}{0ex}}\left(y-7\right)\left(y-7\right)\hfill \\ \text{Using FOIL, we get:}\hfill & & & \phantom{\rule{4em}{0ex}}{y}^{2}-7y-7y+49\hfill \\ \text{And combining like terms:}\hfill & & & \phantom{\rule{4em}{0ex}}{y}^{2}-14y+49\hfill \\ \\ \\ \\ \text{And one more:}\hfill & & & \phantom{\rule{4em}{0ex}}{\left(2x+3\right)}^{2}\hfill \\ \text{Multiply.}\hfill & & & \phantom{\rule{4em}{0ex}}\left(2x+3\right)\left(2x+3\right)\hfill \\ \text{Use FOIL:}\hfill & & & \phantom{\rule{4em}{0ex}}4{x}^{2}+6x+6x+9\hfill \\ \text{Combine like terms.}\hfill & & & \phantom{\rule{4em}{0ex}}4{x}^{2}+12x+9\hfill \end{array}$

Look at these results. Do you see any patterns?

What about the number of terms? In each example we squared a binomial and the result was a trinomial    .

${\left(a+b\right)}^{2}=\text{____}+\text{____}+\text{____}$

Now look at the first term in each result. Where did it come from?

The first term is the product of the first terms of each binomial. Since the binomials are identical, it is just the square of the first term!

${\left(a+b\right)}^{2}={a}^{2}+\text{____}+\text{____}$

To get the first term of the product, square the first term .

Where did the last term come from? Look at the examples and find the pattern.

The last term is the product of the last terms, which is the square of the last term.

${\left(a+b\right)}^{2}=\text{____}+\text{____}+{b}^{2}$

To get the last term of the product, square the last term .

Finally, look at the middle term . Notice it came from adding the “outer” and the “inner” terms—which are both the same! So the middle term is double the product of the two terms of the binomial.

$\begin{array}{c}{\left(a+b\right)}^{2}=\text{____}+2ab+\text{____}\hfill \\ {\left(a-b\right)}^{2}=\text{____}-2ab+\text{____}\hfill \end{array}$

To get the middle term of the product, multiply the terms and double their product .

Putting it all together:

## Binomial squares pattern

If $a\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\text{and}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}b$ are real numbers,

$\begin{array}{}\\ \\ {\left(a+b\right)}^{2}={a}^{2}+2ab+{b}^{2}\hfill \\ {\left(a-b\right)}^{2}={a}^{2}-2ab+{b}^{2}\hfill \end{array}$

To square a binomial:

• square the first term
• square the last term
• double their product

A number example helps verify the pattern.

$\begin{array}{cccc}& & & \phantom{\rule{4em}{0ex}}{\left(10+4\right)}^{2}\hfill \\ \text{Square the first term.}\hfill & & & \phantom{\rule{4em}{0ex}}{10}^{2}+\text{___}+\text{___}\hfill \\ \text{Square the last term.}\hfill & & & \phantom{\rule{4em}{0ex}}{10}^{2}+\text{___}+{4}^{2}\hfill \\ \text{Double their product.}\hfill & & & \phantom{\rule{4em}{0ex}}{10}^{2}+2·10·4+{4}^{2}\hfill \\ \text{Simplify.}\hfill & & & \phantom{\rule{4em}{0ex}}100+80+16\hfill \\ \text{Simplify.}\hfill & & & \phantom{\rule{4em}{0ex}}196\hfill \end{array}$

To multiply ${\left(10+4\right)}^{2}$ usually you’d follow the Order of Operations.

$\begin{array}{c}\hfill {\left(10+4\right)}^{2}\hfill \\ \hfill {\left(14\right)}^{2}\hfill \\ \hfill 196\hfill \end{array}$

The pattern works!

Multiply: ${\left(x+5\right)}^{2}.$

## Solution

 Square the first term. Square the last term. Double the product. Simplify.

Multiply: ${\left(x+9\right)}^{2}.$

${x}^{2}+18x+81$

Multiply: ${\left(y+11\right)}^{2}.$

${y}^{2}+22y+121$

Multiply: ${\left(y-3\right)}^{2}.$

## Solution

 Square the first term. Square the last term. Double the product. Simplify.

Multiply: ${\left(x-9\right)}^{2}.$

${x}^{2}-18x+81$

Multiply: ${\left(p-13\right)}^{2}.$

${p}^{2}-26p+169$

Multiply: ${\left(4x+6\right)}^{2}.$

## Solution

 Use the pattern. Simplify.

Multiply: ${\left(6x+3\right)}^{2}.$

$36{x}^{2}+36x+9$

Multiply: ${\left(4x+9\right)}^{2}.$

$16{x}^{2}+72x+81$

Multiply: ${\left(2x-3y\right)}^{2}.$

## Solution

 Use the pattern. Simplify.

Multiply: ${\left(2c-d\right)}^{2}.$

$4{c}^{2}-4cd+{d}^{2}$

Multiply: ${\left(4x-5y\right)}^{2}.$

$16{x}^{2}-40xy+25{y}^{2}$

-65r to the 4th power-50r cubed-15r squared+8r+23 ÷ 5r
write in this form a/b answer should be in the simplest form 5%
convert to decimal 9/11
August
Equation in the form of a pending point y+2=1/6(×-4)
write in simplest form 3 4/2
August
From Google: The quadratic formula, , is used in algebra to solve quadratic equations (polynomial equations of the second degree). The general form of a quadratic equation is , where x represents a variable, and a, b, and c are constants, with . A quadratic equation has two solutions, called roots.
Melissa
what is the answer of w-2.6=7.55
10.15
Michael
w = 10.15 You add 2.6 to both sides and then solve for w (-2.6 zeros out on the left and leaves you with w= 7.55 + 2.6)
Korin
Nataly is considering two job offers. The first job would pay her $83,000 per year. The second would pay her$66,500 plus 15% of her total sales. What would her total sales need to be for her salary on the second offer be higher than the first?
x > $110,000 bruce greater than$110,000
Michael
Estelle is making 30 pounds of fruit salad from strawberries and blueberries. Strawberries cost $1.80 per pound, and blueberries cost$4.50 per pound. If Estelle wants the fruit salad to cost her $2.52 per pound, how many pounds of each berry should she use? nawal Reply$1.38 worth of strawberries + $1.14 worth of blueberries which=$2.52
Leitha
how
Zaione
is it right😊
Leitha
lol maybe
Robinson
8 pound of blueberries and 22 pounds of strawberries
Melissa
8 pounds x 4.5 = 36 22 pounds x 1.80 = 39.60 36 + 39.60 = 75.60 75.60 / 30 = average 2.52 per pound
Melissa
8 pounds x 4.5 equal 36 22 pounds x 1.80 equal 39.60 36 + 39.60 equal 75.60 75.60 / 30 equal average 2.52 per pound
Melissa
hmmmm...... ?
Robinson
8 pounds x 4.5 = 36 22 pounds x 1.80 = 39.60 36 + 39.60 = 75.60 75.60 / 30 = average 2.52 per pound
Melissa
The question asks how many pounds of each in order for her to have an average cost of $2.52. She needs 30 lb in all so 30 pounds times$2.52 equals $75.60. that's how much money she is spending on the fruit. That means she would need 8 pounds of blueberries and 22 lbs of strawberries to equal 75.60 Melissa good Robinson 👍 Leitha thanks Melissa. Leitha nawal let's do another😊 Leitha we can't use emojis...I see now Leitha Sorry for the multi post. My phone glitches. Melissa Vina has$4.70 in quarters, dimes and nickels in her purse. She has eight more dimes than quarters and six more nickels than quarters. How many of each coin does she have?
10 quarters 16 dimes 12 nickels
Leitha
A private jet can fly 1,210 miles against a 25 mph headwind in the same amount of time it can fly 1,694 miles with a 25 mph tailwind. Find the speed of the jet.
wtf. is a tail wind or headwind?
Robert
48 miles per hour with headwind and 68 miles per hour with tailwind
Leitha
average speed is 58 mph
Leitha
Into the wind (headwind), 125 mph; with wind (tailwind), 175 mph. Use time (t) = distance (d) ÷ rate (r). since t is equal both problems, then 1210/(x-25) = 1694/(×+25). solve for x gives x=150.
bruce
the jet will fly 9.68 hours to cover either distance
bruce
Riley is planning to plant a lawn in his yard. He will need 9 pounds of grass seed. He wants to mix Bermuda seed that costs $4.80 per pound with Fescue seed that costs$3.50 per pound. How much of each seed should he buy so that the overall cost will be $4.02 per pound? Vonna Reply 33.336 Robinson Amber wants to put tiles on the backsplash of her kitchen counters. She will need 36 square feet of tiles. She will use basic tiles that cost$8 per square foot and decorator tiles that cost $20 per square foot. How many square feet of each tile should she use so that the overall cost of the backsplash will be$10 per square foot?
Ivan has $8.75 in nickels and quarters in his desk drawer. The number of nickels is twice the number of quarters. How many coins of each type does he have? mikayla Reply 2q=n ((2q).05) + ((q).25) = 8.75 .1q + .25q = 8.75 .35q = 8.75 q = 25 quarters 2(q) 2 (25) = 50 nickles Answer check 25 x .25 = 6.25 50 x .05 = 2.50 6.25 + 2.50 = 8.75 Melissa John has$175 in $5 and$10 bills in his drawer. The number of $5 bills is three times the number of$10 bills. How many of each are in the drawer?
7-$10 21-$5
Robert
Enrique borrowed $23,500 to buy a car. He pays his uncle 2% interest on the$4,500 he borrowed from him, and he pays the bank 11.5% interest on the rest. What average interest rate does he pay on the total \$23,500? (Round your answer to the nearest tenth of a percent.)
Two sisters like to compete on their bike rides. Tamara can go 4 mph faster than her sister, Samantha. If it takes Samantha 1 hour longer than Tamara to go 80 miles, how fast can Samantha ride her bike?
8mph
michele
16mph
Robert
3.8 mph
Ped
16 goes into 80 5times while 20 goes into 80 4times and is 4mph faster
Robert